Margaret Daly Hayes, Ph.D.
Vice President and Principal of EBR Associates

Dr. Margaret Daly Hayes is a distinguished scholar with specialization in U.S.-Latin American relations,and Latin American governance, political economy and security issues. From November 1997 to March 2004 she served as founding Director of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies (CHDS) at the National Defense University. As Director (SES-04 equiv), she developed the Center’s curriculum and worked with defense ministries, parliamentary committees and other government agencies to strengthen security sector governance, civil-military relations, and civilian management and oversight capabilities throughout the hemisphere. While at CHDS, she helped launch a number of Defense White Paper projects in the region and recently consulted with the developers of Nicaragua’s National Defense Book.

Dr. Hayes has worked on security sector governance with USAID and on the integration of civilian and military activities in post-conflict and fragile state environments. She is currently engaged in research into competitiveness issues of concern in Latin American global trade and economic development relations and an assessment of future force requirements in Latin America.

Margaret Hayes led research programs on U.S.-Latin American Naval and Air Force cooperation with Latin American countries for as a visiting fellow at the Center for Naval Analyses and at Evidence Based Research, Inc. These studies were incorporated into the first Theater Engagement Strategy developed by U.S. Southern Command. Her 1996 study of Southern Cone naval strategies was praised by one service Chief as capturing “how we think better than any American I have read.” She has also co-authored studies of civil-military command and control relations in peace and humanitarian operations for the Department of Defense’s Command and Control Research Program (CCRP).

Dr. Hayes served as External Relations Advisor of the Inter-American Development Bank from 1987 to 1991 and before that as Director of the Washington Office of the Council of the Americas and as Senior Western Hemisphere staffperson on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. She was Associate Director of the Center of Brazilian Studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and Senior Analyst in the Policy Sciences Division at CACI, Inc., where she worked on the Panama Canal treaties and other projects.

Margaret Hayes has lectured widely on U.S.-Latin American security issues; testified before Congress, and published extensively on subjects as diverse as U.S.-Latin American Naval relations, the Summit of the Americas process, military, interagency and NGO relations in peace operations and the impact of market opening on Argentine industries. She has been recognized by the US (Distinguished Civilian Service), Colombian (Order of Merit-Democracy, Colombian Congress), and Peruvian (Order of the White Cross) governments for her significant contributions to civil-military relations and hemispheric security.

Published Works

(2007) “Building Consensus on the Security Architecture for the Hemisphere,” Chapter in Gordon Mace, Jean-Paul Therien and Paula Haslam, Eds Governing the Americas: Regional Institutions at the Crossroads (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reiner Publishers).

(2006) “Partners of Choice? Prospects for Cooperation on the Multidimensional Security Agenda,” Presentation to the Western Hemisphere Security Cooperation Symposium, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University (November 30).

(2006) “Challenges to Democratic Stability and Security in the Western Hemisphere,” prepared for the National Strategy Information Center, Washington, D.C. (December).

(2006) “Civilian Management and Oversight of the Security Sector,” Practice Area Design prepared for Office of Democracy and Governance, USAID (June).

(2005) “Terrorist Threat and Risk Management: The Wicked Problem of Decision-making Under Uncertainty,” Report prepared for the Office of Comparative Studies, Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security (October).

(2005) “Leveraging the Information Domain for Homeland Defense,” Report prepared for the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense (Vienna, VA: Evidence Based Research, Inc.(April)

(2004) “On Strengthening Legislatives Roles in Security and Defense,” in, Parlamento y Defensa en el Cono Sur (Buenos Aires, Arg: RESDAL,).

(2004) “Latin America’s Insecurities,” National Strategy Forum Review (September).

(2003) “What are the Questions? Educating Civilians in Security and Defense,” in Jose Antonio Olmedo (ed) Democrácias Frágiles: Las Relaciones Civiles-militares en el Mundo Iberoamericano (Valencia: Spain: Tirant Lo Blanch for the Instituto Universitario General Gutierrez Mellado, 2005).

(2003) “The New Security Agenda for the Americas: Focus on ‘Insecurity”"— in Riordan Roett and Guadalupe Paz (eds), Latin American in a Changing Global Environment. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers.

(2002) “Roads Taken and Not Taken: My Political Science Career in Washington,” in Howard J. Wiarda (ed.) Policy Passages: Career Options for Policy Wonks Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

(2002) “Argentina’s Economic Crisis: Contagion or Catalyst?” Strategic Survey 2001/2002. London: Oxford University Press for The International Institute for Strategic Studies.

(2001) “Latin America and the Caribbean: In Search of Good Government,” Strategic Survey 2000/2001. London: Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

(2000) “Relaciones de delegación y control entre la sociedad, el Estado y las Fuerzas Armadas,” in Colombia: El Papel de las Fuerzas Militares en una Democracia en Desarrollo. Santa Fe de Bogota: Escuela Superior de Guerra/Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-IPD.

(1997) Engaging the Hemisphere: U.S.-Latin America Air Force Cooperation, Engagement, and Coalition Interoperability Vienna, VA: Evidence Based Research, Inc., for HQ USAF/XOOX December.

(1997) OPNAV Engagement Study (Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses (CIM 966) April.

(1996) Enhanced Naval Cooperation in the Americas: Implementing the U.S. Navy’s Four-Year Plan of Action and Milestones for Latin America and the Caribbean. Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses (CIM 488) October.

(1996) Humanitarian and Peace Operations: NGOs and the Military in the Interagency Process, with Lisa Witzig Davidson and James J. Landon. National Defense University, Center for Advanced Concepts and Technology, Institute for National Strategic Studies.

(1966) Report of the First Continental Conference of Military Institute of Higher Strategic Studies, Inter-American Defense College (10/29/2007). Washington, D.C. Inter-American Defense College.

(1996) The Impact of Market Opening on Argentine Industry: A Survey of Corporate Impressions. Chapter in Argentina: The Challenges of Modernization (Washington, D.C.: Latin America Program, the Woodrow Wilson International Center.

(1996) Building the Hemisphere Community: Lessons from the Summit of the Americas Process. Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Dialogue Occasional Papers in Western Hemisphere Governance, No. 3, July.

(1996) Interagency and Political-Military Dimension of Peace operations: Haiti - A Case Study, with Gary F. Wheatley. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies.

(1995) Political-Military Relations within International Organizations, Rapporteur's Report of Inter-American Defense College Symposium, 28 September.

(1995) Effectiveness of International Military Education and Training (IMET), Workshop Report prepared for Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University (March).

(1994) By Example: The Impact of Recent Argentine Naval Activities on Southern Cone Naval Strategies. Report Prepared for Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Plans, Policy and Operations (N3/N5). Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses (June).

(1994) Future Naval Cooperation with Latin America: Final Report (and supporting Documents), Margaret Daly Hayes, Project Director, with Richard D. Kohout, CAPT P. H. Roth, USN(Ret.) and RADM G. F. Wheatley, USN(Ret.). Report prepared for Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANTFLT). Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses (April).

(1994) So You're Going Around the Horn! A CV CO's Guide to South America, with RADM Gary F. Wheatley, USN (Ret.). Prepared for COMNAVAIRLANT, March.

(1993) "Prospects for Democracy in Latin America," in Political Parties and Representation in Post-Authoritarian Latin America, (Washington, D.C.: The Woodrow Wilson International Center.              

(1992) "Economic Issues: Commentary" in G. Pope Atkins, Ed. The United States and Latin America: Redefining U.S. Purposes in the Post-Cold War Era. Austin, TX: Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas.

(1991) "The Next Steps in Central America: Strategies for Economic Development," in The Next Steps in Central America Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, Center for Public Policy Education.

(1989) "The U.S. and Latin America: A Lost Decade?" in Foreign Affairs, America and the World 1988/89, Vol 68, No. 1.

(1988) "Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America as viewed by the U.S. Business Community." Report prepared at the request of the Export-Import Bank of Japan, May 1988.

(1988) Statement on the Central American Development Organization (CADO) delivered before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade, Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives (April 13).

(1988) "Concerning Joint Resolutions HJRes491, HJRes493, HJRes495, HJRes497, and HJRes499 Disapproving the 1988 Certifications by the President with Respect to the Bahamas, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and Mexico for their involvement in the International Narcotics Trade," prepared for hearings before the Western Hemisphere Affairs Subcommittee, Foreign Affairs Committee, U.S. House of Representatives (March 29).

(1987) "The Right Stuff: The 1986 Struggle in Congress for Consensus on Nicaragua," chapter in Abraham F. Lowenthal, Editor, Latin American and Caribbean Contemporary Review VI, New York: Holmes & Meier.

(1987) The Impact of the Latin American Debt Crisis on U.S. Corporations Operating in Latin America." Statement delivered to the Subcommittee on International Debt, Committee on Finance, United States Senate (March 9).

(1987) Coping with Crisis: U.S. Investment and Latin America's Continuing Economic Problems. Survey directed for and Report written for the Council of the Americas, Washington, D.C.

(1986) "Mexico: Agenda Issues for the Next Decade," Review of Issues, Conference and Report prepared for Defense Systems Inc at the request of the U.S. Government.

(1986) "The Same Events: Different Stories: An American View of U.S.-Mexican Relations in 1985," paper prepared for Anuario de Relaciones Mexico-Estados Unidos, 1985 (June 1986).

(1986) "Not What I Say, But What I Do: Latin America Policy in the Reagan Administration," in John D. Martz, Editor, U.S. Policy in Latin America: Quarter-Century of Crisis and Challenge, Omaha: University of Nebraska Press (March 1986 manuscript).

(1986) "Security in the Western Hemisphere," in Kevin J. Middlebrook and Carlos Rico, Editors, The United States and Latin America in the 1980s, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1986 (December 1983 manuscript).

(1986) "United States Policy Toward Latin America: A Prospectus," in Jack Child, Editor, Conflict in Central America: Approaches to Peace and Security, London: C. Hurst & Company for the International Peace Academy, l986. (February 1984 and March 1985 Manuscripts)

(1986) "Girding for the Long Run: Recommendations and Options for Coping with Soviet/Cuban Strategy in the Caribbean Basin," in Jiri Valenta and Herbert J. Ellison, Editors, Grenada and Soviet/Cuban Policy, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1986. (March 1984 Manuscript)

(1985) "United States-Brazilian Relations--Economic Issues and Opportunities," paper prepared for Center of Strategic and International Studies Conference on The Future of United States-Brazilian Relations (September 1985)

(1985) "U.S. Private Sector Benefits From Projects of Multilateral Lending Institutions," statement presented to the Subcommittee on International Development Institutions and Finance, Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, July 16, 1985.

(1985) "The Utility of U.S. Foreign Assistance Programs in Latin America," testimony presented to the Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and Related Programs, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. House of Representatives, April 18, 1985.

(1985) "U.S. Security, Economic Growth and the Population Problem in Latin America," paper presented at the conference on Population Growth in Latin America and U.S. National Security, Mississippi State University Center for International Security and Strategic Studies, February 21-22, 1985. (Revised August 1985, for publication in Population, Economic Growth and U.S. Security in Latin America).

(1984) With Honorable Ambler H. Moss, Jr., "Will the Contadora Process Solve Central America's Problems?" paper presented to the March 1984 Plenary of the Inter-American Dialogue.

(1984) Latin America and the U.S. National Interest: A Basis for U.S. Foreign Policy, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, (March).

(1984) "Coping with Problems that Have No Solution: Political Change in El Salvador and Guatemala," in A. Adelman and R. Reiding, Editors, Confrontation in the Caribbean Basin, Pittsburgh, PA: Center for Latin American Studies. (October 1982 Manuscript)

(1983) "Promoting U.S. Security Interests in Central America," Lead Consultant's presentation to the National Bi-Partisan Commission on Central America (September).

(1983) "Regional Perspectives on the Conflict in Central America: The Contadora Process," paper prepared for the Central American Working Group, Council on Foreign Relations (November).

(1982) "U.S. and Mexican Responses to Central American Revolutionary Change: The Venezuelan Perspective, paper presented to Military Symposium on Mexico, The United States and Central America: Revolutionary Change, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania (November).

(1982) The Situation in the Honduras: A Staff Report, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office (October).

(1982) "The Stakes in Central America and U.S. Policy Responses," in Howard J. Wiarda, Editor, "The Crisis in Central America" AEI Foreign Policy and Defense Review, Vol. 4, No. 2.

(1982) "United States Security Interests in Central America in Global Perspective," in R. Feinberg, Editor, Central America: The International Dimensions of the Crisis, New York: Holmes and Meier.

(1981) "Collective Security in the Western Hemisphere and the Global Balance of Power," in Governance in the Western Hemisphere, paper commissioned by Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies (March).

(1981) "U.S. Security Interests in Latin America," Europa-Archiv (Bonn) No. 48, 1981 (June 6).

(1980) "Security Dimensions of U.S. Interests in Latin America," paper presented to the Second International Conference on Policy Making Processes in the United States toward Latin America, sponsored by the Instituto de Estudios de Estados Unidos, Guanajuato, Mexico, July 1980. In Spanish.

(1980) "Security to the South: U.S. Interests in Latin America," International Security, Vol. 5, no. 1 (Summer).

(1978) "The South Atlantic Question: Changing Perspectives on an Emerging Issue," Europa-Archiv, Vol. 33, no. 18 (September 25). Also published in Spanish.

(1978) "The Panama Canal Treaties: Lessons from the Public Debate on a Foreign Policy Issue," Proceedings of the Asian American Assembly for Policy Research.

(1978) "U.S. and Latin American Perspectives on the Panama Canal Treaty: Political and Economic Dimensions," in Problems in U.S.-Latin American Relations, Washington, D.C.: University Press of America.

(1977) Congressional Testimony, "U.S. Vital Interests in the Panama Canal," Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Panama Canal, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, U.S. House of Representatives. (July 25, 26, 27).

(1977) With F. Abolfathi, L. Hazelwood, and G. Keynon, The OPEC Market to 1985, Boston: D.C. Heath-Lexington Books.

(1975) "Policy Consequences of Military Participation in Politics: An Analysis of Trade-Offs in Brazilian Federal Expenditures," in C. Liske, W. Loehr, and J. McCamant, Editors, Comparative Public Policy Issues, Theory and Method, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

(1972) "Policy Outputs in the Brazilian States, 1940-1960: Political and Economic Correlates," Sage Professional Papers in Comparative Politics 3, 30.